Thamani ya lishe na muundo wa kemikali.
| Lishe | wingi | Kawaida ** | % ya kawaida katika 100 g | % ya kawaida katika 100 kcal | 100% ya kawaida |
| Thamani ya kalori | Kpi 112 | Kpi 1684 | 6.7% | 6% | 1504 g |
| Protini | 5 g | 76 g | 6.6% | 5.9% | 1520 g |
| Mafuta | 6 g | 56 g | 10.7% | 9.6% | 933 g |
| Wanga | 8.5 g | 219 g | 3.9% | 3.5% | 2576 g |
| Pombe (pombe ya ethyl) | 0.03 g | ~ | |||
| asidi za kikaboni | 1.3 g | ~ | |||
| Maji | 78.5 g | 2273 g | 3.5% | 3.1% | 2896 g |
| Ash | 0.7 g | ~ | |||
| vitamini | |||||
| Vitamini A, RE | 33 μg | 900 μg | 3.7% | 3.3% | 2727 g |
| Retinol | 0.03 mg | ~ | |||
| beta carotenes | 0.02 mg | 5 mg | 0.4% | 0.4% | 25000 g |
| Vitamini B1, thiamine | 0.03 mg | 1.5 mg | 2% | 1.8% | 5000 g |
| Vitamini B2, riboflauini | 0.15 mg | 1.8 mg | 8.3% | 7.4% | 1200 g |
| Vitamini B4, choline | 40 mg | 500 mg | 8% | 7.1% | 1250 g |
| Vitamini B5, pantothenic | 0.31 mg | 5 mg | 6.2% | 5.5% | 1613 g |
| Vitamini B6, pyridoxine | 0.05 mg | 2 mg | 2.5% | 2.2% | 4000 g |
| Vitamini B9, folate | 7.8 μg | 400 μg | 2% | 1.8% | 5128 g |
| Vitamini B12, cobalamin | 0.43 μg | 3 μg | 14.3% | 12.8% | 698 g |
| Vitamini C, ascorbic | 0.6 mg | 90 mg | 0.7% | 0.6% | 15000 g |
| Vitamini D, calciferol | 0.09 μg | 10 μg | 0.9% | 0.8% | 11111 g |
| Vitamini E, alpha tocopherol, TE | 0.2 mg | 15 mg | 1.3% | 1.2% | 7500 g |
| Vitamini H, biotini | 3.51 μg | 50 μg | 7% | 6.3% | 1425 g |
| Vitamini K, phylloquinone | 0.2 μg | 120 μg | 0.2% | 0.2% | 60000 g |
| Vitamini PP, NO | 1.4 mg | 20 mg | 7% | 6.3% | 1429 g |
| niacin | 0.2 mg | ~ | |||
| macronutrients | |||||
| Potasiamu, K | 137 mg | 2500 mg | 5.5% | 4.9% | 1825 g |
| Kalsiamu, Ca | 122 mg | 1000 mg | 12.2% | 10.9% | 820 g |
| Magnesiamu, Mg | 14 mg | 400 mg | 3.5% | 3.1% | 2857 g |
| Sodiamu, Na | 50 mg | 1300 mg | 3.8% | 3.4% | 2600 g |
| Sulphur, S | 50 mg | 1000 mg | 5% | 4.5% | 2000 g |
| Fosforasi, P | 92 mg | 800 mg | 11.5% | 10.3% | 870 g |
| Klorini, Cl | 100 mg | 2300 mg | 4.3% | 3.8% | 2300 g |
| Fuatilia Vipengee | |||||
| Aluminium, Al | 50 μg | ~ | |||
| Chuma, Fe | 0.1 mg | 18 mg | 0.6% | 0.5% | 18000 g |
| Iodini, mimi | 9 μg | 150 μg | 6% | 5.4% | 1667 g |
| Cobalt, Kampuni | 1 μg | 10 μg | 10% | 8.9% | 1000 g |
| Manganese, Mh | 0.006 mg | 2 mg | 0.3% | 0.3% | 33333 g |
| Shaba, Cu | 10 μg | 1000 μg | 1% | 0.9% | 10000 g |
| Molybdenum, Mo. | 5 μg | 70 μg | 7.1% | 6.3% | 1400 g |
| Kiongozi, Sn | 13 μg | ~ | |||
| Selenium, Ikiwa | 2 μg | 55 μg | 3.6% | 3.2% | 2750 g |
| Nguvu, Sr. | 17 μg | ~ | |||
| Fluorini, F | 20 μg | 4000 μg | 0.5% | 0.4% | 20000 g |
| Chrome, Kr | 2 μg | 50 μg | 4% | 3.6% | 2500 g |
| Zinki, Zn | 0.4 mg | 12 mg | 3.3% | 2.9% | 3000 g |
| Wanga wanga | |||||
| Mono- na disaccharides (sukari) | 8.5 g | upeo 100 г | |||
| Steteroli | |||||
| Cholesterol | 17 mg | upeo wa 300 mg | |||
| Asidi zilizojaa mafuta | |||||
| Asidi zilizojaa mafuta | 3.8 g | upeo 18.7 г | |||
| Asidi ya mafuta ya monounsaturated | 1.82 g | dakika 16.8 г | 10.8% | 9.6% | |
| Asidi ya mafuta ya polyunsaturated | 0.281 g | kutoka kwa 11.2 20.6 | 2.5% | 2.2% | |
| Omega-3 fatty | 0.056 g | kutoka kwa 0.9 3.7 | 6.2% | 5.5% | |
| Omega-6 fatty | 0.1875 g | kutoka kwa 4.7 16.8 | 4% | 3.6% |
Thamani ya nishati ni 112 kcal.
- Kioo 250 ml = 250 gr (280 kcal)
- Kioo 200 ml = 200 gr (224 kcal)
- Kijiko kijiko ("juu" isipokuwa vyakula vya kioevu) = 18 g (20.2 kcal)
- Kijiko cha chai ("juu" isipokuwa vyakula vya kioevu) = 5 g (5.6 kcal)
- Vitamini B12 ina jukumu muhimu katika kimetaboliki na ubadilishaji wa asidi ya amino. Folate na vitamini B12 ni vitamini vinavyohusiana na vinahusika katika malezi ya damu. Ukosefu wa vitamini B12 husababisha ukuzaji wa upungufu wa sehemu au sekondari ya folate, pamoja na upungufu wa damu, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia.
- calcium ni sehemu kuu ya mifupa yetu, hufanya kama mdhibiti wa mfumo wa neva, inashiriki katika contraction ya misuli. Ukosefu wa kalsiamu husababisha demineralization ya mgongo, mifupa ya pelvic na miisho ya chini, huongeza hatari ya ugonjwa wa mifupa.
- Fosforasi inashiriki katika michakato mingi ya kisaikolojia, pamoja na kimetaboliki ya nishati, inasimamia usawa wa asidi-msingi, ni sehemu ya phospholipids, nucleotidi na asidi ya kiini, ni muhimu kwa madini ya mifupa na meno. Upungufu husababisha anorexia, anemia, rickets.
Thamani ya nishati, au maudhui ya kalori Ni kiasi cha nishati iliyotolewa katika mwili wa binadamu kutoka kwa chakula wakati wa digestion. Thamani ya nishati ya bidhaa hupimwa kwa kilo-kalori (kcal) au kilo-joules (kJ) kwa gramu 100. bidhaa. Kilocalorie inayotumiwa kupima thamani ya nishati ya chakula pia inaitwa "kalori ya chakula," kwa hivyo kiambishi awali cha kilo mara nyingi huachwa wakati wa kutaja kalori katika (kilo) kalori. Unaweza kuona meza za kina za nishati kwa bidhaa za Kirusi.
Thamani ya lishe - yaliyomo kwenye wanga, mafuta na protini kwenye bidhaa.
Thamani ya lishe ya bidhaa ya chakula - seti ya mali ya bidhaa ya chakula, mbele ya ambayo mahitaji ya kisaikolojia ya mtu kwa vitu muhimu na nishati yameridhika.
vitamini, vitu vya kikaboni vinahitajika kwa idadi ndogo katika lishe ya wanadamu na wenye uti wa mgongo wengi. Vitamini kawaida hutengenezwa na mimea badala ya wanyama. Mahitaji ya kila siku ya binadamu ya vitamini ni miligramu chache tu au mikrogramu. Tofauti na vitu visivyo vya kawaida, vitamini huharibiwa na joto kali. Vitamini vingi havina msimamo na "hupotea" wakati wa kupikia au usindikaji wa chakula.